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<meta name="description" content="白细胞（英文名：leukocyte，white blood cell，简称：WBC）是无色、球形、有核的血细胞。正常成人总数为(4.0～10.0)x 109/L，可因每日不同时间、机体的功能状态而在一定范围内变化。白细胞一般有活跃的移动能力，它们可以从血管内迁移到血管外，或从血管外组织迁移到血管内。因此，白细胞除存在于血液和淋巴中外，也广泛存在于血管、淋巴管以外的组织中。...">
<title>白细胞（血液细胞）_百度百科</title>
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<b>白细胞</b>是一个<a href="/item/%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%9A%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" target="_blank">多义词</a>，请在下列<a href="/item/%E4%B9%89%E9%A1%B9" target="_blank">义项</a>上选择浏览（<a href="/item/%E7%99%BD%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E?force=1" target="_blank">共2个义项</a>）</div>
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<li class="item">▪<span class="selected">血液细胞</span></li>
<li class="item">▪<a title="《工作细胞》中登场的角色" href='/item/%E7%99%BD%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E/22734684#viewPageContent'>《工作细胞》中登场的角色</a></li>
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<div style="width:0;height:0;clear:both"></div><dl class="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-">
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<h1 >白细胞</h1>
<h2>（血液细胞）</h2>
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</div><div class="lemma-summary" label-module="lemmaSummary">
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞（英文名：leukocyte，white blood cell，简称：WBC）是无色、球形、有核的血细胞。正常成人总数为(4.0～10.0)x 10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L，可因每日不同时间、机体的功能状态而在一定范围内变化。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞一般有活跃的移动能力，它们可以从血管内迁移到血管外，或从血管外组织迁移到血管内。因此，白细胞除存在于血液和淋巴中外，也广泛存在于血管、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%AE%A1/3241070" data-lemmaid="3241070">淋巴管</a>以外的组织中。</div>
</div>
<div class="configModuleBanner">
</div><div class="basic-info cmn-clearfix">
<dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-left">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
白细胞、白血球
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
leukocyte,white blood cell
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">简&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;称</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
WBC
</dd>
</dl><dl class="basicInfo-block basicInfo-right">
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">分&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;布</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
血液、淋巴，及各组织中
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">大&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;小</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
7-20微米
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">正常成人数量</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
（3.5~9.5）×10^9/L
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">所属人体系统</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">免疫系统</a>
</dd>
</dl></div>
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<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-4">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">简介</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">生理特性</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">生理功能</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_1">中性粒细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_2">嗜碱粒细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_3">嗜酸粒细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_4">单核细胞</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3_5">淋巴细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">种类划分</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_1">颗粒白细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_2">无颗粒白细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_3">原理</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_4">正常值</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_5">升高</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4_6">降低</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">减少症</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_1">定义</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_2">诊断要点</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_3">辅助检查</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_4">处理原则</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_5">用药方案</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5_6">建议</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">分类计数</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">临床意义</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_1">中性粒细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_2">嗜酸性粒细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_3">嗜碱性粒细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_4">淋巴细胞</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level2">
<span class="index">▪</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7_5">单核细胞</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="简介" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>简介</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞（英文名：leukocyte，white blood cell，简称：WBC）是一类无色、球形、有核的血细胞。正常成人白细胞总数为(4.0～10.0)x 10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L，可因每日不同时间和机体不同的功能状态而在一定范围内变化。白细胞不是一个均一的细胞群，根据其形态、功能和来源部位可以分为三大类：粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞，其中粒细胞又可根据胞质中颗粒的染色性质不同，分为中性粒细胞、嗜酸粒细胞和嗜碱粒细胞三种<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_1"></a><a name="ref_1"></a><a name="ref_1"></a><a name="ref_1"></a><a name="ref_1"></a><a name="ref_1"></a><a name="ref_1"></a><a name="ref_1"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞是人体与疾病斗争的“卫士”。当病菌侵入人体体内时，白细胞能通过变形而穿过毛细血管壁，集中到病菌入侵部位，将病菌包围﹑吞噬。如果体内的白细胞的数量高于正常值，很可能是身体有了炎症。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="生理特性" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>生理特性</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编���</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">多数白细胞仅在血液中稍作停留．随后进入组织中发挥作用。，因此，白细胞都能伸出伪足作变形运动，凭借这种运动，白细胞可以从毛细血管内皮细胞的间隙挤出，进入血管周围组织内，这一过程称为白细胞渗出(diapedesis)。渗出后的白细胞也可借助变形运动在组织内游走，并且具有朝向某些化学物质发生运动的特性，称为趋化性(chemotexis)。能吸引白细胞发生定向运动的化学物质称为趋化因子。一些白细胞还具有吞噬(phagocytosis) 功能，可吞入并杀伤或降解病原体及组织碎片。某些白细胞还可分泌白细胞介素、干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子等多种细胞因子，参与对炎症和免疫反应的调控。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="生理功能" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>生理功能</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞的主要功能是防卫作用。不同种类的白细胞以不同的方式参与机体的防御反应。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_3_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="中性粒细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>中性粒细胞</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">中性粒细胞在血管内停留的时间平均只有6～8小时，它们很快穿过血管壁进入组织发挥作用，而且进入组织后就不再返回血液中来。在血管内的中性粒细胞，约有一半随血流循环，通常作白细胞计数只反映了这部分中性粒细胞的情况；另一半则附着在小血管壁上。同时，在骨髓中尚贮备了约2．5 x 10比个成熟中性粒细胞，在机体需要时可立即动员这部分粒细胞进入循环血流。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">中性粒细胞在血液的非特异性免疫中起着十分重要的作用，它处于机体抵御微生物病原体，特别是在化脓性细菌入侵的第一线，具有很强的吞噬活性，可吞噬细菌、衰老的红细胞、抗原一抗体复合物和坏死的细胞等。中性粒细胞内含有大量溶酶体酶，因此能将吞噬入细胞内的细菌和组织碎片彻底分解。当中性粒细胞吞噬数十个细菌后，自身发生解体，所释出的各种溶酶体酶类能溶解周围组织而形成脓液。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_3_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="嗜碱粒细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>嗜碱粒细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">嗜碱粒细胞的胞质中存在碱性染色很深的大颗粒，颗粒内含有肝素、组胺、嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子A和过敏性慢反应物质等多种生物活性物质。肝素具有抗凝血作用，有利于保持血管通畅，使吞噬细胞能够顺利达到抗原入侵部位发挥作用。此外，肝素还可作为脂酶的辅基而增强脂酶的作用，加快脂肪分解为游离脂肪酸的过程。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">嗜碱粒细胞释放的组胺和过敏性慢反应物质参与某些异物(如花粉)引起的过敏反应。而同时释放的嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子A可把嗜酸粒细胞吸引过来，聚集于局部以限制嗜碱粒细胞在过敏反应中的作用。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="3_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
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<a name="嗜酸粒细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>嗜酸粒细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">血液中嗜酸粒细胞的数目具有明显的昼夜周期性波动，清晨的细胞数减少，午夜时细胞数目增多。这种细胞数的周期性变化是与肾上腺皮质释��糖皮质激素量的昼夜波动密切相关的。当血液中糖皮质激素浓度增高时，嗜酸粒细胞数减少；而当糖皮质激素浓度降低时，细胞数增加。嗜酸粒细胞具有较弱的吞噬功能，但一般认为其在抗细菌感染防御中不起主要作用。嗜酸粒细胞在体内的主要作用是：①限制嗜碱粒细胞和肥大细胞在速发型过敏反应中的作用；②参与对蠕虫的免疫反应。在有寄生虫感染、过敏反应等情况下，常伴有嗜酸粒细胞增多。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="3_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_3_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="单核细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>单核细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">单核细胞从骨髓进入血流时仍然是尚未成熟的细胞，其在血液中停留2～3天后迁移到周围组织中，细胞体积继续增大，直径可达60一80μm，细胞内所含的溶酶体颗粒和线粒体的数目也增多，成为成熟的巨噬细胞。与其他血细胞比较，单核细胞内含有更多的非特异性脂酶，可以消化某些细菌(如结核杆菌)的脂膜，并且具有更强的吞噬能力，可吞噬更多、更大的细菌和颗粒。激活了的单核一巨噬细胞能生成并释放多种细胞毒因子，如干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子和白细胞介素等，参与对其他细胞生长的调控。单核一巨噬细胞还在特异性免疫应答的诱导和调控中起关键作用。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="3_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_3_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="淋巴细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="3-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>淋巴细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">淋巴细胞是免疫细胞中的一大类，主要参与机体的特异性免疫应答反应。根据细胞成长发育的过程和功能的不同，淋巴细胞分成T细胞和B细胞两类。在功能上T细胞主要与细胞免疫有关，B细胞则主要与体液免疫有关。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">此外，血液中还有一类淋巴细胞，它们的细胞表面标志显示，它们既不归属于B细胞，也不归属于T细胞．因此称之为裸细胞(null cell)，约占血液中淋巴细胞总数的5%一10%。受关注的裸细胞有杀伤细胞(killer cell．K细胞)和自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell，NK细胞)、K细胞的杀伤作用是抗原依赖性的．但其抗原是非特异的。而NK细胞的杀伤作用不依赖于抗原和抗体的存在．其对杀伤肿瘤细胞有重要作用。干扰素能活化NK细胞，而白细胞介素一2能刺激NK细胞的增殖，因而增强NK细胞的杀伤作用。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
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<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="种类划分" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>种类划分</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">血液中的白细胞有五种，按照体积从小到大是：<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">淋巴细胞</a>，嗜碱性粒细胞，中性粒细胞，嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞是无色有核的血细胞，在血液中一般呈球形，根据形态差异可分为颗粒和无颗粒两大类。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_4_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="颗粒白细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>颗粒白细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">颗粒白细胞（粒细胞）中含有特殊染色颗粒，用瑞氏染料染色可分辨出三种颗粒白细胞即<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">中性粒细胞</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%97%9C%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">嗜酸��粒细胞</a>和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%97%9C%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">嗜碱性粒细胞</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">中性粒细胞具有变形运动和吞噬活动的能力，是机体对抗入侵病菌，特别是急性化脓性细菌的最重要的防卫系统。当中性粒细胞数显著减少时，机体发生感染的机会明显增高。嗜酸性粒细胞具有粗大的嗜酸性颗粒，颗粒内含有过氧化物酶和酸性磷酸酶。嗜酸性粒细胞具有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%B6%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7">趋化性</a>，能吞噬抗原抗体复合物，减轻其对机体的损害，并能对抗组织胺等致炎因子的作用。嗜碱性粒细胞中有嗜碱性颗粒，内含组织胺、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9D%E7%B4%A0">肝素</a>与<a target=_blank href="/item/5-%E7%BE%9F%E8%89%B2%E8%83%BA">5-羟色胺</a>等生物活性物质，在<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8A%97%E5%8E%9F">抗原</a>－抗体反应时释放出来。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在人体的正常粪便中偶尔能见到少许白细胞，所以<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B2%AA%E4%BE%BF%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5">粪便检查</a>中白细胞的多少可以作为肠道是否有炎症的一种依据。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_4_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="无颗粒白细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>无颗粒白细胞</h3>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><div class="lemma-picture text-pic " style="width:140px; float: right; display: inline;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E7%99%BD%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E/244737/0/566d0fdfaa099b2262279833?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="白细胞吞噬细菌" style="width:140px;height:116px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=361ff7fc7b899e517c8e3d1672a6d990/8ad4b31c8701a18b8433364e9e2f07082938fed2.jpg"  alt="白细胞吞噬细菌" style="width:140px;height:116px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
白细胞吞噬细菌
</span>
</div>无颗粒白细胞无细胞质颗粒，但有圆形细胞核，包括<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%95%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">单核细胞</a>和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">淋巴细胞</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">单核细胞是血液中最大的血细胞。认为它是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B7%A8%E5%99%AC%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">巨噬细胞</a>的前身，具有明显的变形运动，能吞噬、清除受伤、衰老的细胞及其碎片。单核细胞还参与<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94">免疫反应</a>，在吞噬抗原后将所携带的抗原决定簇转交给淋巴细胞，诱导淋巴细胞的特异性免疫反应。单核细胞也是对付细胞内致病细菌和<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AF%84%E7%94%9F%E8%99%AB">寄生虫</a>的主要细胞防卫系统，还具有识别和杀伤肿瘤细胞的能力。淋巴细胞则为具有特异性免疫功能的细胞。T淋巴细胞主要参与<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB">细胞免疫</a>反应而B淋巴细胞参与<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BD%93%E6%B6%B2%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB">体液免疫</a>反应。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">成年人白细胞数为（5~9）×10^9/L，其中中性粒细胞占0.50～0.70，嗜酸性粒细胞占0.005～0.05，嗜碱性粒细胞占0.005～0.01，单核细胞占0.03～0.08，淋巴细胞占0.20～0.40。幼儿血液中白细胞数高于成年人。不同生理状态（如妊娠期）会引起白细胞数量的变化。有炎症时，血中的白细胞数明显增加。各类白细胞的防御保护作用各不相同。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">瑞氏染色外周血五种白细胞形态特征</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><br/>　　白细胞数量变化的临床意义</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞是一个很大众化的话题，因为到医院看病经常会做化验检查，而最常做的是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%84%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5">血常规检查</a>，血常规检查中最多用途的就是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%99%BD%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0">白细胞计数</a>和分类。因此有必要对其进行初步的了解，储备相关的基础知识。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞计数是指计数单位体积血液中所含的白细胞数目。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_4_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="原理" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>原理</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">用白细胞计数稀释液（多用稀乙酸溶液），将血液稀释一定倍数并破坏红细胞后，滴入细胞计数板中，在显微镜下计数一定范围内的白细胞数，经换算即可求得每升血液中各种白细胞的总数。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_4_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="正常值" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>正常值</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1、单位：10^9个/L</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2、正常值范围：（单位为10^9个/L）</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">⑴ 成人为（4.0-10.0）×10^9个/L</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">⑵ 新生儿为（15-20）×10^9个/L</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">⑶ 6个月到2岁为（11-12）×10^9个/L</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">⑷ 4到14岁为8×10^9个/L</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">⑸ 儿童 (5.0-12.0）×10^9/L</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_4_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="升高" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白���胞</span>升高</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞计数升高并不完全是疾病的表现，因此有生理性和病理性升高之分。生理性升高可见于剧烈运动、体力劳动、酷暑和严寒、饱餐或沐浴、情绪紧张、饥饿发生低血糖、妇女月经期和排卵期、妊娠末期、分娩等。其产生机制，可能是在各种生理因素刺激时，体内儿茶酚胺分泌增多，导致边缘白细胞进入循环所致。这些情况下的白细胞升高是暂时性的，去除影响因素则很快恢复。病理性升高最常见的原因是感染，尤其是细菌感染，且感染程度往往与白细胞数量增多成正比，但老年人反应能力下降，发生感染时可能升高不明显。需要特别警惕的另一种白细胞计数明显升高原因是造血系统疾病，此时白细胞可能增多至正常人的数倍或数十倍以上，需要进一步做血涂片、骨髓穿刺和分子生物学等多种检查以明确诊断。此外，应用糖皮质激素时也会见到白细胞计数升高。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2">
[2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_2"></a></div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_4_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="降低" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="4-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>降低</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">病毒感染是白细胞计数减少的常见原因，如流行性感冒、病毒性肝炎、水痘、风疹等；长期接触放射线、各种理化因素导致的中毒、肿瘤的化疗和放疗、脾功能亢进、自身免疫性疾病、某些血液病如再生障碍性贫血、骨髓纤维化及应用某些药物等都会导致白细胞计数减少<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="2">
[2]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[2]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_2"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞计数无论是升高或降低，都需要进一步判断是哪种类型的白细胞发生了异常，不能单纯根据白细胞的总数下结论。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="减少症" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>减少症</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_5_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="定义" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>定义</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞减少症(1eukopenia)为常见血液病，指成人外周血白细胞绝对计数持续低于4×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L(儿童≥10岁低于4.5×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L或&lt;10岁低于5×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L)。当成人外周血粒细胞绝对计数低于2×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L，儿童≥10岁低于1.8×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L或&lt;10岁低于1.5 x 10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L时，称为粒细胞减少症(neutropenia)；低于0．5×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L时，称为粒细胞缺乏症(a-granulocytosis )。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">该类疾病分为先天性和获得性，且获得性最为多见。发病的原因主要有：①中性粒细胞生成缺陷。正常成人每日骨髓内生成约10¨个以上的中性粒细胞。细胞毒性药物、化学毒物、电离辐射等化学或物理因素是引起中性粒细胞减少的最常见原因，可直接损伤骨髓干细胞、祖细胞或骨髓造血微环境，造成全血细胞减少。此外，影响造血干细胞的疾病以及多种原因引起的细胞分化成熟障碍亦可致中性粒细胞减少。②中性粒细胞破坏或消耗过多。自身免疫性疾病、感染或败血症等可引起粒细胞过度消耗而造成粒细胞减少。③中性粒细胞分布异常。大量粒细胞转移到边缘池导致循环池的粒��胞相对减少，在计数时不能被检测到；或粒细胞滞留于循环池其他部位，而循环血流中粒细胞减少，造成假性粒细胞减少<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_5_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="诊断要点" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>诊断要点</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">多数白细胞减少症患者起病缓慢，可有头晕、乏力、四肢酸软、食欲减退、低热、失眠等非特异性症状。少数患者无明显症状，仅在血液检查时被发现。部分患者可反复发生El腔溃疡，发生肺部感染或泌尿生殖道感染。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">粒细胞缺乏症多为患者对药物或化学物质发生过敏反应，或细胞毒性药物治疗，或大剂量放射治疗所致。起病多急骤，患者在出��乏力、头晕、咽痛等前驱症状后很快出现高热、寒战、头痛、全身及关节酸痛等症状。患者出现严重感染，而肺部、泌尿生殖道、口咽部和皮肤为感染最易发生的部位。有时口腔、鼻腔、皮肤等黏膜处可出现坏死性溃疡。由于粒细胞缺乏，感染易扩散，病灶不宜局限呈迅速恶化状态，病死率极高<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">白细胞减少症与粒细胞缺乏症可由血常规检查确诊。患者白细胞减少，中性粒细胞减少，淋巴细胞百分率相对增加。但骨髓涂片因粒细胞减少原因不同而骨髓象各异。为排除检查方法上的误差，必要时需反复检查。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">在临床上要仔细鉴别白细胞减少和中性粒细胞减少的原因。有感染史，有药物、毒物或放射线接触史，或放化疗者应考虑相关疾病的诊断。注意对于高热患者需分辨感染与粒细胞缺乏症的因果关系。有类风湿性关节炎及其他结缔组织疾病史，存在抗白细胞自身抗体者，提示可能是自身免疫性疾病在血液系统的临床表现。如伴有红细胞和血小板减少，应考虑各种全血细胞减少疾病，如巨幼细胞贫血、再生障碍性贫血和骨髓增生异常综合征等。同时注意该类疾病与白血病相鉴别<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_5_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="辅助检查" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>辅助检查</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1．血常规 外周血红细胞、血红蛋白及血小板多为正常。白细胞绝对计数低于4X 10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L，粒细胞缺乏时绝对计数低于0．5 X 10<sup class="normal">9</sup>儿，淋巴细胞相对增多。粒细胞胞核左移或核分叶过多，胞质内可见中毒颗粒、空泡等变性。当病情好转时，淋巴细胞、单核细胞先上升，随后粒细胞逐渐升高直至恢复正常<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．骨髓象 因病因不同而骨髓象各异。早期可无明显变化，也可呈幼粒细胞不少而成熟粒细胞减少的“成熟障碍”表现。在粒细胞缺乏时，骨髓内中性粒细胞显著减少甚至消失，恢复期逐渐出现各阶段粒细胞<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3．骨髓活��织 检查骨髓活检对骨髓纤维化、骨髓转移癌、淋巴瘤等诊断有重要价值。骨髓检查可帮助与骨髓增生异常综合征的鉴别诊断<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4．其他检查 体外骨髓培养，检测骨髓增生活性、骨髓中性粒细胞储备，帮助鉴别药物直接毒性作用或是免疫因素抑制粒细胞生成；肾上腺素试验，帮助鉴别是否为假性粒细胞减少症，如结果阳性为粒细胞分布异常；抗中性粒细胞抗体测定，帮助识别是否为免疫性粒细胞减少；血清溶菌酶测定，溶菌酶升高提示为粒细胞破坏增多，正常或降低提示粒细胞生成减少<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_5_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="处理原则" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>处理原则</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1．病因治疗 尽可能查明病因，采取相应的治疗措施。立即停止接触可能的致病因素，停用可疑药物，并控制感染。对继发于其他疾病的患者积极治疗原发疾病，病情缓解或控制后，粒细��可恢复正常。对于粒细胞轻度减少且无感染倾向，骨髓检测无明显异常者，以追踪观察为主<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．防治感染 感染既是粒细胞减少和缺乏的原因，也是结果。对已发生感染的患者应立即采取抗生素治疗。轻度减少者不需要特别的防护措施；中度减少者感染率增加，应减少出入公共场所频率，并加强口腔和皮肤的卫生护理，去除慢性感染病灶。粒细胞缺乏症是内科危重病，应积极抢救，采取无菌隔离措施，加强护理，防止交叉感染。采用广谱抗生素进行经验性治疗，同时对患者进行血、尿、���和其他分泌物的细菌培养和药敏试验。待药敏试验有结果后，应换用敏感抗生素进行治疗，注意调整药物用量和疗程，防止二重感染，如真菌、厌氧菌等。若治疗无效，可加用抗真菌药物。病毒感染应加用抗病毒药物。粒细胞缺乏症患者的抗感染治疗常为治疗成功与否的关键，应做到早期、广谱、联合和足量治疗<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3．支持治疗 注射丙种球蛋白，10～20 g/d，给予足量水分及能量，维持水电解质平衡。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4． 药物治疗 对于无明显症状、无感染倾向、病情长期稳定的轻度粒细胞减少患者，可随访观察，不必依赖于药物治疗。对于粒细胞明显减少且伴有相应症状的患者，应在防治感染的同时使用促粒细胞生成药物，如碳酸锂、维生素B<sub>4</sub>、利血生等，以及鲨肝醇、重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG—CSF)和重组人粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM—CSF)��造血生长因子。此外，自身免疫性粒细胞减少和免疫异常所致的粒细胞缺乏可用糖皮质激素等免疫抑制剂进行治疗。而其他原因引起的粒细胞减少则不宜使用糖皮质激素。具体用药方法详见“用药方案”<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_5_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="用药方案" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>用药方案</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1．促粒细胞生成药物 选择1—2种作用机制不同的药物联合使用。若治疗1—2个月仍无效者应及时调整治疗方案。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(I) 碳酸锂 刺激骨髓生成粒细胞，但对慢性骨髓功能衰竭者无效。成人口服量300mg，3次/天；见效后减量为200mg，2次/天，维持2～4周。可产生轻度胃灼热、腹泻、瘙痒、水肿、恶心乏力等不良反应。肾脏病患者慎用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(2)维生素B<sub>4</sub> 维生素B<sub>4</sub>是核酸的组成部分，在体内参与RNA和DNA的合成，当白细胞缺乏时，能促进白细胞增生。用于防治各种原因引起的白细胞减少症和急性粒细胞缺乏症，尤其是苯中毒等引起的白细胞减少症。成口服量10～20mg，3次/天；儿童口服量5～10mg，2次/天。当与肿瘤放疗和化疗并用时，需考虑维生素B<sub>4</sub>是否有促进肿瘤发展的可能性。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(3)利血生 为半胱氨酸衍生物，可增强骨髓造血功能。口服量20mg，3次/天。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(4)鲨肝醇 即α一正十八碳甘油醚，为体内造血因子，在造血系统中含量较多，可促进粒细胞生长。成人口服量25—50mg，3次/天，4～6周为一疗程；儿童口服量1～2mg/kg，2次/天。对病程较短、病情较轻及骨髓功能尚好的患者，疗效较好。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(5)脱氧核苷酸钠 为复方制剂。肌内注射50～l00mg/d；静脉滴注50～150mg/d，30天为一疗程。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(6)rhG—CSF和rhGM—CSF 可诱导造血干细胞进入增殖周期，促进粒细胞增生、分化成熟，由骨髓释放至外周血液，并能增强粒细胞的趋化、吞噬和杀菌活性。治疗粒细胞缺乏症效果明确，可作为首选。剂量100～300μg/d，皮下注射或静脉滴注，疗程约1周，待粒细胞计数回升后可酌情减量或停药。可出现食欲不振、发热、寒战、肌肉酸痛、骨关节痛等不良反应<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．免疫抑制剂 对部分免疫性粒细胞减少症患者有效，但因其可抑制正常粒细胞功能，故不能滥用。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(1)糖皮质激素：适用于免疫因素引起的粒细胞缺乏症或危重患者。在应用足量有效抗生素的同时，可短期应用。地塞米松，剂量5～10mg/d，疗程��1周。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">(2)硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine，依木兰)���糖皮质激素应用无效时，可谨慎选用。口服量50mg，2～3次/天。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a></div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5_6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_5_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="建议" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="5-6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>建议</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">该类疾病应积极采取预防措施。对于接触放射线及苯等化学毒物的工作人员，须建立严格防护制度并定期检查血常规。对于有可能引起白细胞减少的药物如氯霉素、磺胺类药物、抗肿瘤药物、解热镇痛药等，应尽量避免使用，如需使用要在医生指导下密切监测血常规，切忌大剂量长期使用。对于使用细胞毒类药物的患者，应1～3天检查血常规1次，并根据粒细胞计数及时调整用药剂量和疗程<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">该类疾病的预后与粒细胞减少的病因、程度、持续时间、进展情况、能否及时控制及去除感染、中性粒细胞恢复治疗情况相关。特别是粒细胞缺乏症，病死率较高，应积极抢救，除必须进行无菌隔离和支持治疗外，应尽早使用相应药物。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="3">
[3]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a><a name="ref_3"></a></div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="6" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_6" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="分类计数" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>分类计数</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="6" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">中国卫生部医政司编的《全国临床检验操作规程》，关于成人白细胞分类计数正常参考值如下<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="4">
[4]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[4]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
：</div>
<table log-set-param="table_view" class="table-view log-set-param"><tr><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">细胞类别</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">正常比例</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">百分率</div>
</td></tr><tr><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">杆状核</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0.01～0.05</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">1～5%</div>
</td></tr><tr><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">分叶核</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0.50～0.70</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">50～70%</div>
</td></tr><tr><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%97%9C%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">嗜酸性粒细胞</a></div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0.005～0.05</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0.5～5%</div>
</td></tr><tr><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%97%9C%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">嗜碱性粒细胞</a></div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0～0.01%</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0～1</div>
</td></tr><tr><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">淋巴细胞</a></div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0.20～0.40</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">20～40%</div>
</td></tr><tr><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%95%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">单核细胞</a></div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0.03～0.08</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">3～8%</div>
</td></tr><tr><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">其他</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">0.01~0.02</div>
</td><td class="coloredcell"><div class="para" label-module="para">1~3%</div>
</td></tr></table><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_7" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="临床意义" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>临床意义</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="7" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_7_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="中性粒细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>中性粒细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>中性粒细胞病理性增多</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">急性化脓性感染时，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">中性粒细胞</a>增高程度取决于感染微生物的种类、感染灶的范围、感染的严重程度、患者的反应能力。如感染很局限且轻微，白细胞总数仍可正常，但分类检查时可见分叶核百分率有所增高；中度感染时，白细胞总数增高大于10×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L，并伴有轻度核象左移；严重 感染时总数常明显增高，可达20×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L以上，且伴有明显核象左移；在脾破裂或宫外孕输卵管破裂后，白细胞迅速增高，常达(20～30)×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L。其增多的细胞主要是中性分叶核粒细胞。这可能与应激状态��内出血而一过性缺氧等有关；化学药物如安眠药、敌敌畏等中毒时，常见白细胞数增高，甚至可达20×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L或更高。代谢性中毒如糖尿病酮症酸中毒及慢性肾炎尿毒症时，也常见白细胞增多。均以中性分叶核粒细胞为主。白细胞呈长期持续性增多，最常见于粒细胞性白血病，其次也可见于各种恶性肿瘤的晚期，此时不但总数常达(10～20)×10<sup class="normal">9</sup>/L或更多，且可有较明显的核象左移现象，而呈所谓类白血病反应。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="5">
[5]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[5]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>中性粒细胞减少</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">某些感染，如伤寒、副伤寒、疟疾、流感等可引起白细胞减少；某些血液病，如再生障碍性贫血时，呈“三少”表现；电离辐射（如X线等）、长期服用氯霉素后，可因抑制骨髓细胞的有丝分裂而致白细胞减少；自身免疫性疾病如系统性红斑狼疮等，由于自身免疫性抗核抗体导致白细胞破坏而减少；各种原因所致的脾肿大均可见白细胞减少。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="5">
[5]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[5]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a></div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_7_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="嗜酸性粒细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>嗜酸性粒细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">有吞噬作用和趋化作用，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%97%9C%E9%85%B8%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">嗜酸性粒细胞</a>增多反应性增高见于支气管哮喘、血管神经性水肿、食物过敏、精神病时均可见血中嗜酸性粒细胞增多。肠寄生虫抗原与肠壁内结合IgE的肥大细胞接触时，使后者脱颗粒而释放组胺，导致嗜酸性粒细胞增多。手术和烧伤病人的预后及测定肾上腺皮质功能。肿瘤性增高见于淋巴系统恶性疾患、血液病、慢性白血病等。慢性粒细胞性白血病患者嗜酸性粒细胞常可高达10%以上，并可见有幼稚型。嗜酸性粒细胞减少见于伤寒、副伤寒、手术后严重组织损伤以及应用肾上腺皮质激素或促肾上腺皮质激素后，一般临床意义不大。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="5">
[5]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[5]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a></div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_7_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="嗜碱性粒细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>嗜碱性粒细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">有趋化作用和弱吞噬作用。增多见于慢性粒细胞白血病、霍奇金病、癌转移、铅和铋中毒等。罕见的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%97%9C%E7%A2%B1%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%92%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">嗜碱性粒细胞</a>性白血病异常增多，可达20%以上，多为幼稚型。骨髓纤维化和某些转移癌时也可见增多。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="5">
[5]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[5]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b><br/>　　</b></div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_7_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="淋巴细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>淋巴细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">淋巴细胞</a>的主要功能是参与体液免疫、细胞免疫和分泌淋巴因子。淋巴细胞增多见于见于急、慢性淋巴细胞白血病；某些感染：如病毒感染性疾病、细菌性感染（如百日咳）、结核感染恢复期等。肾移植术后如发生排异反应时，于排异前期，淋巴细胞的绝对值即增高。淋巴细胞性白血病、白血性淋巴肉瘤前者如系慢性型，以白血病性成熟淋巴细胞为主，如系急性型则以原幼淋巴细胞为主，均可致白细胞总数增高；后者多以原、幼淋巴细胞为主。初生婴儿、儿童属生理性增多。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">淋巴细胞减少主要见于长期接触放射线及应用肾上腺皮质激素或促肾上腺皮质激素治疗后人群。严重化脓性感染时，由于中性粒细胞显著增加，导致淋巴细胞相对减低。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="5">
[5]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[5]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b><br/>　　</b></div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="7_5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub9572_7_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="单核细胞" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="7-5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-3" label-module="para-title">
<h3 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">白细胞</span>单核细胞</h3>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">正常儿童外周血中的<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8D%95%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E">单核细胞</a>较成人稍多，平均9%，出生后2周的婴儿可呈生理性单核细胞增多，可达15%以上。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">病理性增多见于某些感染。如亚急性感染性心内膜炎、疟疾、黑热病等；急性感染的恢复期也可见单核细胞增多；在活动性肺结核如严重的浸润性和粟粒性结核时，可致血中单核细胞明显增多。粒细胞缺乏症的恢复期，常见单核细胞一过性增多、恶性组织细胞病，淋巴瘤时可见幼稚单核细胞增多，成熟型亦见增多。骨髓增生异常综合征时除贫血，白细胞减少等之外，白细胞分类时常见核细胞增多。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="5">
[5]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[5]_9572">&nbsp;</a>
<a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a><a name="ref_5"></a></div>
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<dl class="lemma-reference collapse nslog-area log-set-param" data-nslog-type="2" log-set-param="ext_reference">
<dt class="reference-title">参考资料</dt>
<dd class="reference-list-wrap">
<ul class="reference-list">
<li class="reference-item reference-item--type3 " id="reference-[1]-9572-wrap">
<span class="index">1.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_1_9572" id="refIndex_1_9572" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[1]_9572">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span class="text">郭青龙，李卫东主编；徐峰，李运曼，傅继华副主编；方伟蓉，卢娜，邢德刚，李卫东，李运曼，吴玉林，赵丽，赵明沂，贺振泉，徐峰，徐静华，郭青龙，傅继华编,人体解剖生理学（供药学类专业用）第2版,中国医药科技出版社,2015.08,第88-92页</span>
</li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type2 " id="reference-[2]-9572-wrap">
<span class="index">2.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_2_9572" id="refIndex_2_9572" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[2]_9572">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span>于秀辰主编</span><span class="text">．看化验知疾病  解读健康密码</span><span>：中国中医药出版社</span><span>，2015.10</span><span>：第62-63页</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type3 " id="reference-[3]-9572-wrap">
<span class="index">3.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_3_9572" id="refIndex_3_9572" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[3]_9572">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span class="text">李明亚主编；郑仕中，常福厚，吕雄文副主编,临床药物治疗学  第2版,中国医药科技出版社,2015.08,第495-497页</span>
</li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type2 " id="reference-[4]-9572-wrap">
<span class="index">4.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_4_9572" id="refIndex_4_9572" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[4]_9572">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span>���华人民共和国卫生部医政司</span><span class="text">．全国临床检验操作规程(第3版)</span><span>：东南大学出版社</span><span>，2006-11-1</span></li><li class="reference-item reference-item--type2 " id="reference-[5]-9572-wrap">
<span class="index">5.</span>
<a class="gotop anchor"  name="refIndex_5_9572" id="refIndex_5_9572" title="向上跳转" href="#ref_[5]_9572">&nbsp;&nbsp;</a>
<span>金伯泉</span><span class="text">．医学免疫学</span><span>：人民卫生出版社</span><span>，2008.6</span></li></ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<div id="open-tag">
<div class="open-tag-title">词条标签：</div>
<dd id="open-tag-item">
<span class="taglist">
非生物
</span>
，<span class="taglist">
疾病
</span>
，<span class="taglist">
生物物种
</span>
，<span class="taglist">
医学术语
</span>
，<span class="taglist">
医学
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<p title="湖南省疾病预防控制中心">湖南省疾病预防控制中心</p>
</div>
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<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">简介</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">生理特性</span>
</span>
</a>
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<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">生理功能</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">中性粒细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">嗜碱粒细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">嗜酸粒细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">单核细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#3_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">3.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">淋巴细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">种类划分</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">颗粒白细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">无颗粒白细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">原理</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">正常值</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">升高</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#4_6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">4.6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">降低</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">减少症</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#5_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">定义</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#5_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">诊断要点</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#5_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">辅助检查</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#5_4" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5.4</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">处理原则</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#5_5" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5.5</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">用药方案</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#5_6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">5.6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">建���</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#6" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">6</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">分类计数</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dt class="catalog-title level1">
<em class="pointer"></em>
<a href="#7" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">临床意义</span>
</span>
</a>
</dt>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_1" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.1</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">中性粒细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_2" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.2</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">嗜酸性粒细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
<dd class="catalog-title level2">
<a href="#7_3" class="title-link">
<span class="text">
<span class="title-index">7.3</span>
<span class="title-link" nslog-type="10002802">嗜碱性粒细胞</span>
</span>
</a>
</dd>
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!function(){var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');

var timer = '';

$('.wgt-navbar').on('mouseenter', 'dl', function() {
  clearTimeout(timer);
  timer = setTimeout(function() {
    $('.wgt-navbar').addClass('wgt-navbar-hover');
  }, 300);
}).on('mouseleave', function() {
  clearTimeout(timer);
  $('.wgt-navbar').removeClass('wgt-navbar-hover');
}).on('click', 'a', function() {
  clearTimeout(timer);
  $('.wgt-navbar').removeClass('wgt-navbar-hover');
});
}();
!function(){    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244737, '白细胞');
}();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/polysemantList/polysemantList')('白细胞');
    }();
!function(){        var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
        var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

        // 展现策略
        rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data.divide) {
                    $('.top-tool .split-icon').css('display', 'block');
                }
            }
        });
    }();
!function(){    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/collect/collect"],function(collect){
		collect({
            newLemmaId:"244737",
			lemmaId:"9572",
			subLemmaId:"9572"
		});
	});
}();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/topShare/topShare"],function(topShare){
        topShare({
            newLemmaId: '244737'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/pinyin/lemmaPinyin')({
        lemmaTitle: '白细胞',
        pinyin: 'bái xì bāo'
    });

   var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
   nslog(10000105);

}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                // 编辑和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            } else {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
                // 锁定和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
                // 编辑和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            } else {
                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').show();
                // 锁定和申请本人实名验证保证同一行展示
                if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').length > 0) {
                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
                  }
                }
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){	require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
    nslog(10002701);
    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () {
           nslog(10002702);
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('244737', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert'], function(init) {
            init({ // 关系化统计需求--传参  shangwenbin
                lemmaId: "9572",
                newLemmaId: "244737",
                subLemmaId: "9572",
                lemmaTitle: "白细胞"
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){		require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
			new Reference({
				subLemmaId:"9572"
			});
			new ReferenceTip({
				subLemmaId:"244737",
				lemmaTitle:"白细胞",
				reference:[{"type":"3","text":"\u90ed\u9752\u9f99\uff0c\u674e\u536b\u4e1c\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1b\u5f90\u5cf0\uff0c\u674e\u8fd0\u66fc\uff0c\u5085\u7ee7\u534e\u526f\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1b\u65b9\u4f1f\u84c9\uff0c\u5362\u5a1c\uff0c\u90a2\u5fb7\u521a\uff0c\u674e\u536b\u4e1c\uff0c\u674e\u8fd0\u66fc\uff0c\u5434\u7389\u6797\uff0c\u8d75\u4e3d\uff0c\u8d75\u660e\u6c82\uff0c\u8d3a\u632f\u6cc9\uff0c\u5f90\u5cf0\uff0c\u5f90\u9759\u534e\uff0c\u90ed\u9752\u9f99\uff0c\u5085\u7ee7\u534e\u7f16,\u4eba\u4f53\u89e3\u5256\u751f\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u4f9b\u836f\u5b66\u7c7b\u4e13\u4e1a\u7528\uff09\u7b2c2\u7248,\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u836f\u79d1\u6280\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2015.08,\u7b2c88-92\u9875","index":1,"count":"9"},{"type":"2","author":"\u4e8e\u79c0\u8fb0\u4e3b\u7f16","title":"\u770b\u5316\u9a8c\u77e5\u75be\u75c5  \u89e3\u8bfb\u5065\u5eb7\u5bc6\u7801","publisher":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u51fa\u7248\u793e","place":"","publishYear":"2015.10","refPage":"\u7b2c62-63\u9875","index":2,"count":"2"},{"type":"3","text":"\u674e\u660e\u4e9a\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1b\u90d1\u4ed5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u798f\u539a\uff0c\u5415\u96c4\u6587\u526f\u4e3b\u7f16,\u4e34\u5e8a\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u5b66  \u7b2c2\u7248,\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u836f\u79d1\u6280\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2015.08,\u7b2c495-497\u9875","index":3,"count":"14"},{"type":"2","author":"\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u533b\u653f\u53f8","title":"\u5168\u56fd\u4e34\u5e8a\u68c0\u9a8c\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c4\u7a0b(\u7b2c3\u7248)","publisher":"\u4e1c\u5357\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e","place":"","publishYear":"2006-11-1","refPage":"","index":4,"count":"1"},{"type":"2","author":"\u91d1\u4f2f\u6cc9","title":"\u533b\u5b66\u514d\u75ab\u5b66","publisher":"\u4eba\u6c11\u536b\u751f\u51fa\u7248\u793e","place":"","publishYear":"2008.6","refPage":"","index":5,"count":"6"}]
			});
		});
	}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery"],function($){
            function openTagToggle(node) {
                if ($(node).hasClass("collapse")) {
                    $(node).removeClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
                } else {
                    $(node).addClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
                }
            }
            if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
                $('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
            }
            $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
                openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){    var $ = require("wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery");
    
    var slider = {
        init: function() {
            this.control = $("#professional_control");
            this.prev = this.control.find(".J-prev");
            this.next = this.control.find(".J-next");
            this.el = $("#professional_list");
            this.view = this.el.find(".J-slider");
            this.items = this.view.find("ul");
            this.itemWidth = this.items.eq(0).innerWidth();
            this.initStatus();
            this.bindEvents();
        },
        initStatus: function() {
            this.view.css({
                width: this.items.length*this.itemWidth+"px",
                position: "absolute"
            });
            this.setHeight(0);
            if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return;
            this.changeControllers(0);
        },
        bindEvents: function() {
            var self = this, index = 0;
            if ( this.items.length < 2 ) return;
            this.next.on("click", function() {
                if ( self.items.length-1 === index ) return;
                index++;
                self.setHeight(index);
                self.goAni(index);
                self.changeControllers(index);
            });
            this.prev.on("click", function() {
                if ( index == 0 ) return;
                index--;
                self.setHeight(index);
                self.goAni(index);
                self.changeControllers(index);
            });
        },
        setHeight: function(index) {
            this.el.height( this.items.eq(index).innerHeight() );
        },
        goAni: function(index) {
            this.view.animate({
                left: index === 0 ? 0 : "-"+this.itemWidth*index+"px"
            });
        },
        changeControllers: function(index) {
            var disabledClass = "pro-control-disable";
            this.prev.removeClass(disabledClass);
            this.next.removeClass(disabledClass);
            if ( index === 0 ) {
                this.prev.addClass(disabledClass);
            } else if ( index === this.items.length-1 ) {
                this.next.addClass(disabledClass);
            }
        }
    };
    slider.init();
}();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
            244737,
            '白细胞'
        );
    }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
        init({
            newLemmaIdEnc:"472f163d6789281af4e45099"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var userCard = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userCard/userCard');
    userCard({
        host: '#pro-contributors .show-userCard',
        left: -26
    });    
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
		new SideCatalog();
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
            init({
                newLemmaId: "244737",
                lemmaTitle: "白细胞",
                encodeLemmaTitle: "%B0%D7%CF%B8%B0%FB",
                adManager: null
            }, {
                errFn: unionAd,
                dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
            app.init({
                lemmaTitle: '白细胞',
                adManager: null
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){            require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/bottomAd/bottomAd'], function (init) {
                init({
                    sId: 'BOTTOM_PRO_AD',
                    adManager: null
                });
            });
        }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
    var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

            var isEnterprise = false;
        var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
    
    var userId = 0;
    var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('白细胞') + '/' + '244737';
    var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=244737';

    userLogin.regist({
        onLogin: function(user) {
            userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
        }
    });

    function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
        if (isMidNight) {
            Dialog.alert({
                title: '编辑提示',
                subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00，因审核系统例行维护，您提交的版本可能需要较长时间才能通过，望您谅解。',
                onConfirm: function() {
                    window.location.href = url;
                }
            });
        } else {
            window.location.href = url;
        }    
    }

    function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
        new Dialog({
            title: '编辑提示',
            subMsg: '<p>您已开通企业百科服务，推荐您直接编辑“官方资料”，官方资料仅限企业百科绑定的百科账号修改，其他用户账号不可修改。</p><p>如果您想修改其他网友编辑的普通词条内容，请注意遵守百科百科编辑规则。<p>',
            btns: [{
            key: 'pgc',
            text: '编辑官方资料'
            }, {
            style: 'white',
            text: '修改普通词条',
            key: 'ugc'
            }],
            onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
                    pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
                } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
                    ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
                }
            }
        }).show();
    }

    function checkUserLegal(res) {
        var legal = false;
        switch (res.errno) {
            case 100001:
                userLogin.showLoginPop();
                break;
            case 100006:
                unameFiller.show();
                break;
            default:
                legal = true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function checkUgc(res, url) {
        if (res.errno) {
            switch (res.errno) {
                case 100005:
                    alert('对不起，您目前被封禁');
                    break;
                case 110001:
                    alert('对不起，该词条被锁定');
                    break;
                case 110007:
                    alert('对不起，消歧页无法编辑');
                    break;
                case 110005:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>四级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 110008:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>六级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 470001:
                    alert('系统错误，请刷新重试');
                    break;
                case 110003:
                    Dialog.alert({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词��，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                    });
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
                Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                });
                return;
            }
            gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
        }
    }

    $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
        var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
        if (dl) {
            var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
        } else {
            var url = editUrl;
        }

        rightCheck.preeditCheck('244737', '白细胞', '血液细胞', '130215048', '', function(res) {
            if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
                return;
            }
            if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
                showChoseEditDialog(function() {
                    location.href = pgcUrl;
                }, function() {
                    checkUgc(res, url);
                });
            } else {
                checkUgc(res, url);
            }
        });
    });
}();
!function(){  require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main'});
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
        appid: 215645,
        productLine: 20184,
        needContactWay: false,
        issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户，请在此填写您的质疑��容及原因哦～'
      },
      proData: {
        "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
      }
    });
  });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
  }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId:"9572",
            subLemmaId:"9572",
            newLemmaId:"244737"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
      nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');

    var isFadeIn = false,
        isFadeOut = false;

    var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;

    $(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
        var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();

        if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
            fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
            fadeInAni = animation({
                duration: 200,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    isFadeIn = true;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    nslog(10010007);
                }
            });
        } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
            fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
            fadeOutAni = animation({
                duration: 300,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    isFadeOut = true;
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
                }
            });
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
        taskShare.init({
            title: '白细胞',
            desc: "\u767d\u7ec6\u80de\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u540d\uff1aleukocyte\uff0cwhite blood cell\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\uff1aWBC\uff09\u662f\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u7403\u5f62\u3001\u6709\u6838\u7684\u8840\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u6b63\u5e38\u6210\u4eba\u603b\u6570\u4e3a(4.0\uff5e10.0)x 109\\\/L\uff0c\u53ef\u56e0\u6bcf\u65e5\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u767d\u7ec6\u80de\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u8840\u7ba1\u5916\uff0c\u6216\u4ece\u8840\u7ba1\u5916\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u767d\u7ec6\u80de\u9664\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8840\u6db2\u548c\u6dcb\u5df4\u4e2d\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8840\u7ba1\u3001\u6dcb\u5df4\u7ba1\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u3002",
            pic: '',
            url: '',
            qqPic: '',
            newLemmaId: '244737',
            lemmaTitle: '白细胞'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
    var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
    var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');

    function requireAsync() {
        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
    }

    cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
        name: 'announcement',
        script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
    }]);

    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
        new LazyLoad();
    });

    require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
        nslog().setGlobal({
            lemmaId: "9572",
            newLemmaId: "244737",
            subLemmaId: "9572",
            lemmaTitle: "白细胞"
        });

        // 词条页 pv
        nslog(9322);

        // 新版头部pv（小流量）
        if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
            nslog(9069);
        }

        // 链接点击 pv
        var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
        $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
            var href = $(this).attr('href');
            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
                // 链接点击 pv
                nslog(10000001);
                if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                    // 词条页链接点击 pv
                    nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
                        targetTitle: $(this).text()
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 start ******/
        (function () {
            // 各种统计配置
            var circulationLinkCfg = {
                innerLink: [ // 内链
                    '.para',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
                    '.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
                    '.lemma-summary',
                    '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
                    '.view-tip-panel',
                    '.horizontal-module',
                    '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
                    '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
                    '.module-music',
                    '.table-view',
                    '[log-set-param="table_view"]',
                    '.list-module',
                    '.cell-module',
                    '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // 配置后台字段
                    '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
                    '.drama-actor',
                    '#staffList',
                    '.starMovieAndTvplay',
                    '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去词条tab外的tab
                ],
                relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
                peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系（明星+普通）
                moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主要演员、嘉宾、主持人
                moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作品
                moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分季介绍
                rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
                rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
                specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模块
                modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
                chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模块
                polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切换
            };
            /****** 连接统计 ******/
            function clickNslogFn() {
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k === 'innerLink') {
                        // 词条内链到词条页
                        var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
                        for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
                            tempArr[i] += ' a';
                        }
                        var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');

                        $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
                            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
                            && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页普通内链点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    } else {
                        // 模块到词条页链接
                        $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页配置模块链接点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            // 发起统计请求
            clickNslogFn();

            /****** 各模块展现量pv ******/
            function checkModuleIsShow() {
                var result = [];
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
                        !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
                    }
                }
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
                }
            }
            checkModuleIsShow();

        })();
        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 end ******/

    });

    // 广告接入 wikiad 统一加载
    // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求行为）
    nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
        api: 'lemma-ad',
        action: 'request'
    });
    var tags = {"4":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u975e\u751f\u7269"},"0":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u75be\u75c5"},"2":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u751f\u7269\u7269\u79cd"},"1":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66\u672f\u8bed"},"3":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66"}};
    var tagsArray = [];
    for (var key in tags) {
        tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
    }
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
        data: {
            lemmaId: 244737,
            tags: tagsArray.join()
        },
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success: function (res) {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求成功）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'success'
            });

            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data[5]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
                        rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
                            adPos: 5
                        });
                    });
                } else if (res.data[1]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
                        vbaike(res.data[1]);
                        for(var i in res.data[1]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
                                adPos: 1
                            });
                        }
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[9]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
                        rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
                                adPos: 9
                            });
                    });
                                    } else if(res.data[2]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
                        slide(res.data[2]);
                        for(var i in res.data[2]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
                                adPos: 2
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[3]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
                        topAd(res.data[3]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
                            adPos: 3
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[4]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
                        rightAd(res.data[4]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
                            adPos: 4
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[15]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
                        banner(res.data[15]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
                            adPos: 15
                        });
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[16]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
                        declaration(res.data[16]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
                            adPos: 16
                        });
                    })
                }
            } else {
                return;
            }

            setTimeout(function () {
                var elemArr = {};
                res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
                res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));

                testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
            }, 1000);
        },
        error: function () {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求失败）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'error'
            });
        }
    });

    // 设置分享内容
    window.BKShare.setCommon({
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